A wide range of skin diseases are diagnosed and treated by specialists.
More precisely, the following take place:
- diagnosis and treatment of skin diseases such as acne, eczema, hair loss, skin and nail fungus;
- examination of moles using the dermatoscope, a valuable diagnostic technique that significantly increases the early diagnosis of melanoma, as well as other skin malignancies, such as basal cell and squamous cell epithelioma;
- treatment of skin diseases that can appear in childhood and adolescence, such as atopic dermatitis, warts, common acne.
Melanoma: the most dangerous form of skin cancer
Melanoma stands out as one of the most aggressive types of skin cancer, carrying the potential for life-threatening consequences. Melanoma is distinguished by the uncontrolled proliferation of cells responsible for producing melanin, the pigment that imparts color to the skin, hair, and eyes.
Causes and Risk
Extended exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation, whether from sunlight or artificial sources like tanning beds, is recognized as a significant risk factor contributing to the onset of melanoma. Individuals with a genetic predisposition, fair complexion, numerous moles, or a family history of melanoma are also at heightened risk for developing the disease.
Diagnostic Signs
Melanomas may manifest as new spots or tumors on the skin, or they can arise from existing moles and exhibit abnormal growth. Ensure to stay proactive in monitoring changes in moles or skin abnormalities, as this approach aids in early detection of potential melanoma and facilitates prompt intervention and treatment.
Melanoma Types
Melanoma presents in various types based on its appearance. Among the various types, the most common ones include superficially spreading melanomas and nodular melanomas. The first type, accounting for 70% of all melanomas, manifests as a flat, brown or brown-black plaque with an irregular outline.
The nodular type, representing 15-30% of cases, emerges as a black-blue, blue-red, or even amelanotic nodule, occasionally exhibiting ulceration.
The ABCDE rule (Asymmetry, Border, Color, Dimension, Evolution) serves as a particularly useful guideline in the clinical diagnosis of melanoma. Therefore, a skin lesion exhibiting asymmetry, an irregular outline, black or multi-colored pigmentation, a size exceeding 5 millimeters, and recent changes (evolution) strongly raises suspicion of melanoma.
Treatment and Prognosis
The key to a positive prognosis for the disease lies in early detection and immediate treatment. Diagnosing melanoma typically entails clinical examination and dermatoscopy, with biopsy often necessary to confirm the diagnosis.
The primary treatment for melanoma is typically surgical removal, with additional therapeutic options such as radiation therapy, immunotherapy, or chemotherapy considered based on the disease's stage and extent of spread.
Prevention and Self-Examination
Melanoma prevention includes avoiding excessive exposure to the sun, using sunscreens with a high protection factor. In addition, regular self-examination of the skin is recommended to identify any alarming changes early.
Melanoma requires increased vigilance for both prevention and early diagnosis and treatment. Raising awareness and educating the public combined with regular self-examination are vital to reducing the incidence and improving the treatment outlook for melanoma.
FAQ
- How can I recognize the warning signs of melanoma?
Look for changes in the size, shape, color of moles, as well as the appearance of new spots or bumps on the skin. - What are the main risk factors for melanoma?
Risk factors include fair skin, a history of sunburn, a family history of melanoma, and exposure to UV radiation. - How is melanoma diagnosed?
Through physical examination, dermatoscopy, and biopsy to confirm the diagnosis. - What are the available treatments for melanoma?
Treatments include surgical removal, immunotherapy, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy. - How can I prevent melanoma?
By avoiding sun exposure, wearing sunscreen, and having regular skin checks.